Abandon
A ruling by the Race Committee or jury to void a race, although
it may be sailed again later.
Ballast
Extra weight carried for stability, usually lodged in the
keel.
Bear away
To alter course away from the wind.
Beat
The line taken to sail most directly into the wind (about
45 degrees from wind direction); also known as "work".
Boom
A horizontal pole or spar to which the bottom of a sail attaches.
Buoy
A rounding mark that floats on the water, denoting the required
course.
Catamaran
A boat with parallel twin hulls.
Centreboard
A movable, fin-shaped protrusion under the hull that prevents
a boat from sliding sideways and is used to right capsized dinghies.
Dinghy
A small sailing boat, rowing boat or ship's tender.
DNC
Meaning "did not compete", the ruling when a boat
fails to compete in a scheduled race and is awarded the maximum
number of points for the race.
DND
Meaning "disqualification not discardable", the
ruling when the jury disqualifies a boat from a race and awards
the maximum number of points for the race, points which may not
be discarded from the overall score later.
DNF
Meaning "did not finish", the ruling when a boat
fails to finish a race and is awarded the maximum number of points
for the race.
DNS
Meaning "did not start", the ruling when a competing
boat fails to start a race and is awarded the maximum number of
points for that race.
DSQ
Meaning "disqualified", the ruling when the jury
disqualifies a boat from a race and awards the maximum number
of points for the race.
Europe dinghy
A single-handed centreboard dinghy class, often called "the
small Finn", which is the smallest Olympic-class boat and
is used for female-only competition.
Finn
A single-handed centreboard dinghy class used for male-only
competition in the Olympic Games.
Fleet racing
A style of race where all the competitors sail against each
other at once, the predominant form of sailing at the Olympic
Games.
Forestay
The rigging that secures the mast forward.
49er
A double-handed, high-performance dinghy class with a low
hull and tiny wings, by skiff standards, used for open competition
in the Olympic Games.
470
A double-handed dinghy class used for male and female competition
in the Olympic Games.
Genoa
The larger triangular forward sail in a sloop-rigged yacht.
Gybe
To shift the mainsail from one side to the other when sailing
with the wind behind; also "jibe".
Headsail
The sail in front of the mast.
Jib
The smaller triangular forward sail in a sloop-rigged boat.
Jibe
To shift the mainsail from one side to the other when sailing
with the wind behind; also "gybe".
Keel
A fixed, fin-shaped protrusion on the bottom of the hull that
prevents a boat from sliding sideways.
Keelboat
A sailing yacht with a fixed keel.
Kite
Colloquial for "spinnaker", a large, billowing,
often colourful sail used to obtain greater boat speed during
downwind sailing, usually set in front or instead of the jib and
carried by the 470, 49er and Soling Olympic classes.
Laser
A single-handed centreboard dinghy class, the most popular
one-design class in the world, used for open competition in the
Olympic Games.
Leeward
The side farthest from the wind.
Leg
The part of the course bound by two marks or buoys.
Luffing
Altering course toward the wind.
Mainsail
The larger sail behind the mast.
Mainsheet
The rope which controls the movement of a mainsail.
Mark
A buoy that defines the endpoint of a leg of a race.
Mast
A vertical spar or pole to which a sail or sails attach.
Match racing
One-on-one racing between two boats, a component of the program
for Soling class at the Olympic Games.
Mistral
A one-person sailboard known by its brand name and used for
male and female events in the Olympic Games.
OCS
Meaning "on course side", a ruling where a boat
is deemed to have started a race prematurely and subsequently
is disqualified from the race and awarded the maximum number of
points.
Open
A style of competition where both males and females may enter.
Port
A boat's left side when looking forward.
Pre-start manoeuvres
Tactical manoeuvres in the water carried out with the intention
of being in the best possible position for the starting signal.
Race committee
The on-water officials responsible for setting the course
and starting and finishing the race in accordance with the race
rules and regulations.
Reach
To sail across the wind, or between the extremes of beat and
run.
RDG
Meaning "redress", a ruling where the jury reinstates
or changes a boat's score for a particular race, based on a protest
hearing.
Rudder
A vertical board hinged to the back of a boat that turns the
craft.
Run
The course taken to sail most directly downwind, or with the
wind.
Sailboard
A lightweight, polyurethane, surfboard-like craft on which
the rider stands to manoeuvre with a mast, boom and sail; also
known as a "windsurfer".
720
Meaning a "720-degree penalty turn", two complete
circles sailed as a penalty for breaching a rule.
Sheet
A rope used to control and tension the sail and rigging.
Skiff
A light, open, small sailing boat or, more broadly, a boat
with an open, self-draining hull.
Sloop rig
A sail plan composed of two sails - a mainsail and a jib,
or genoa.
Soling
A three-person keelboat that is the longest and heaviest of
the Olympic-class boats and is used for open competition.
Sonar
A three-person keelboat used for open competition in the Paralympic
Games.
Spar
A collective term referring to a boat's mast, boom and spinnaker
pole, usually of an aluminium and/or carbon-fibre composition.
Spinnaker
A large, billowing, often colourful sail used to obtain greater
boat speed during downwind sailing, usually set in front or instead
of the jib and carried by the 470, 49er and Soling Olympic classes.
Star
A two-person keelboat much lighter than the Soling and used
for open competition in the Olympic Games.
Stay
A strong rope, commonly made of wire, used to support a mast.
Starboard
A boat's right side when looking forward.
Tack
To change direction relative to wind direction (usually in
a zigzag manner over the duration of an upwind leg), such as changing
from having the wind on the right to having the wind on the left.
360
Meaning a "360-degree penalty turn", one complete
circle sailed as a penalty for hitting a buoy.
Tiller
A handle attached to the rudder and used by the skipper to
control steering.
Tornado
A two-person catamaran class that ranks as the fastest Olympic-class
boat and is used in open competition in the Olympic Games.
Trapeze
A harness device worn by sailors on some dinghy, skiff or
catamaran classes of boats which, with a metal stay from the mast,
lets them lean almost completely outboard.
Trapezoidal
A four-leg course configuration with separate starting and
finish lines.
2.4mR
A single-handed, deep-displacement keelboat class used for
open competition in the Paralympic Games.
Windsurfer
A lightweight, polyurethane, surfboard-like craft on which
the rider stands to manoeuvre with a mast, boom and sail; also
known as a "sailboard".
Windward
The side closest to the wind.
Windward return
A type of course configuration requiring the boats to sail
into the wind to a mark, then with the wind when returning to
a second mark .
Work
The course taken to sail most directly into the wind (about
45 degrees from wind direction); also known as "beat".
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